Everything about Pictograph totally explained
A
pictogram (
also spelled pictogramme) or
pictograph is a
symbol representing a
concept,
object, activity, place or event by
illustration.
Pictography is a form of
writing in which
ideas are transmitted through
drawing. It is a basis of
cuneiform and, to some extent,
hieroglyphic writing, which uses drawings also as phonetic letters or
determinative rhymes.
Early written
symbols were based on pictograms (pictures which resemble what they signify) and
ideograms (symbols which represent ideas). They were used by the ancient Chinese culture since around 5000 BC and began to develop into
logographic writing systems around 2000 BC. Pictograms are still in use as the main medium of written communication in some non-literate cultures in
Africa,
The Americas, and
Oceania. Pictograms are often used as simple symbols by most contemporary cultures.
Earliest use
The earliest pictograms were in use in
Mesopotamia and predated the famous
Sumerian cuneiforms (the oldest of which date to around 3400 BC). As early as 9000 BC tokens marked with simple pictures began to be used to label basic farm produce. Around 6000 BC, with the rise of cities and spread of basic craftmanship, more complex pictographic tokens were devised to label manufactured goods. Eventually the tokens were replaced by
clay tablets on which symbols were drawn with a blunt
reed called a
stylus. The impressions left by the stylus were wedge shaped, thus giving rise to the name cuneiform; wedge-writing.
Though written
Chinese is often thought of consisting of pictograms, less than 4% of all
characters ever created have their direct origins in pictograms. The letters of the
Roman alphabet, however, do have their origins in pictograms. For example, the letter
A represented the head of an ox, and if it's turned upside down, a bovine head with horns can be seen.
Pictogrammes are symbols or shapes to represent a feeling or attraction to another person
Modern use
Pictograms were extensively used on a London Suburban map of the London & North Eastern Railway map in 1937, and remain in common use today, serving as
signs or
instructions. Because of their graphical nature and fairly realistic style, they're widely used to indicate public
toilets, or places such as
airports and
train stations. However, even these symbols are highly culture-specific. For example, in some cultures men commonly wear dress-like clothing, so even restroom signage isn't universal.
A standard set of pictograms was defined in the
international standard ISO 7001: Public Information Symbols. Another common set of pictograms are the
laundry symbols used on clothing tags and
chemical hazard labels. Pictography hinders
search-engine capability, requiring symbol searching, while text-based writing also facilitates spoken words, even new words by use of pronunciation rules, and text enables sorting information alphabetically.
Pictographic writing as a modernist poetic technique is credited to
Ezra Pound though French surrealists accurately credit the Pacific Northwest American Indians of
Alaska who introduced writing, via
totem poles, to North America (Reed 2003, p. xix).
Pictograms can also be seen in various
crop circles.
Image:GreatGalleryedit.jpg|Pictographs from the Great Gallery, Canyonlands National Park
Image:National Park Service sample pictographs.svg|Sample National Park Service pictographs
Image:Piktograf1.png|Pictograph from 1510 telling a story of coming of missionaries to Hispaniola
Image:Water,Rabbit,Deer.jpg|Water, rabbit, deer pictograms on a replica of an Aztec Stone of the Sun
Image:Railway pictograms.jpg|British Rail passenger safety pictograms at the end of the platform at Meols railway station
Image:Alligator pictogram.jpg|A pictogram warning against swimming due to crocodiles at the Australia Zoo.
Further Information
Get more info on 'Pictograph'.
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